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1.
Understanding and control of the surface properties such as molecular orientations are of great importance in numerous applications of ionic liquids. However, there remain discrepancies among the previous experimental and theoretical studies on the surface orientation and structures of room temperature ionic liquids(RTIL) systems. In this article, the orientation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium([bmin]) cation at the air/liquid interface of a characteristic RTIL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([bmim][PF6]), was investigated by the sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy(SFG-VS). Detailed polarization and experimental configuration analyses of the SFG-VS spectra showed the possibility of a small spectral splitting in the CH3 symmetric stretching region, which can be further attributed to the probable existence of multiple orientations for the interfacial [bmim] cations. In addition, the(N)–CH3 vibrations were absent, ruling out the prediction by several recent molecular dynamics simulations which state that portions of the [bmim] cations orient with a standing-up(N)–CH3 group at the ionic liquid surface. Hence, new realistic theoretical models have to be developed to reflect the complex nature of the ionic liquid surface. 相似文献
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Lijuan Shen Li Li Sheng Lu Xiaohan Zhang Jie Liu Junlin An Guojun Zhang Bo Wu Fei Wang 《中国颗粒学报》2015,(3):10-15
We conducted measurements of black carbon(BC) aerosol in Jiaxing,China during autumn from September 26 to November 30,2013.We investigated temporal and diurnal variations of BC,and its correlations with meteorological parameters and other major pollutants.Results showed that hourly mass concentrations of BC ranged from 0.2 to 22.0 μg/m3,with an average of 5.1 μg/m3.The diurnai variation of BC exhibited a bimodal distribution,with peaks at 07:00 and 18:00.The morning peak was larger than the evening peak.The mass percentages of BC in PM2.5 and PM10 were 7.1%and 4.8%,respectively.The absorption coefficient of BC was calculated to be 44.4 Mm-1,which accounted for 11.1%of the total aerosol extinction.BC was mainly emitted from local sources in southwestern Jiaxing where BC concentrations were generally greater than 11 μg/m3 during the measurement period.Correlation analysis indicated that the main sources of BC were motor vehicle exhaust,and domestic and industrial combustion. 相似文献
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In this paper,we have developed a highly efficient method for the direct preparation of propylene carbonate from propylene and carbon dioxide(CO2) using quaternary ammonium heteropolyphosphatotungstate–quaternary ammonium halide catalytic system with anhydrous hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant through one-pot two-step process.The effects of the amount of tetrabutylammonium bromide(TBAB),the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and other reaction conditions were investigated.The catalyst system gave an optimum propylene oxide yield(91%) at75°C in oxidation step and the highest propylene carbonate yield(99%) at 140°C and 3.0 MPa in cycloaddition step.Based on the results,a reaction mechanism has been proposed. 相似文献
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冲击速度和磨粒粒度对FeCrAl/WC复合涂层冲蚀性能的影响 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
采用粉芯丝材作为原料,利用高速电弧喷涂技术制备了具有良好抗高温冲蚀磨损性能的FeCrAl/WC复合涂层;考察了650℃下冲击速度和磨粒粒度对复合涂层高温冲蚀磨损性能的影响.结果表明,复合涂层和20G锅炉钢的耐高温冲蚀磨损能力随着磨粒粒度的增加而有所提高;30°攻角下冲蚀率随磨粒粒度的变化速率比90°攻角下的小;同20G锅炉钢相比,复合涂层对速更加敏感,速度越低,FeCrAl/WC复合涂层的抗冲蚀磨损性能越好. 相似文献
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INFLUENCE OF ASIAN DUSTS ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS IN TAIWAN DISTRICT USING THE PENGHU ISLANDS AS AN EXAMPLE 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chung-Shin Yuan* Cheng-Chung Sau Ming-Chung Chen Institute of Environmental Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung China 《中国颗粒学报》2004,2(4):144-152
1. Introduction In the early months of each year, Asian dusts transport frequently from Northwest China and Mongolia to the Pa-cific-Rim countries (Kagawa et al., 2001; Uno et al., 2002). It causes significant environmental effects such as ambient air quality deterioration, atmospheric visibility impairment, radiation energy reduction, mineral deposition, and acid rain neutralization (Terada et al., 2002; Zhang & An, 1999). During Asian dust periods, significant increases of atmos-pheric … 相似文献
7.
YuchengWu YongZhang LideZhang 《中国颗粒学报》2004,2(1):19-24
Nanosized palladium particles were incorporated into mesoporous silica matrix to obtain nanocomposites using the sol-gel technique. Effects of the finely dispersed metallic palladium on the microstructure and properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. By means of X-ray diffraction and optical absorption, it was found that palladium particles were 5-9 nm in diameter and their uniform dispersion in the mesoporous silica depended on both the content of the palladium and the structural features of the silica matrix. The results showed that the mixing method of preparation led to wider size distribution of the nanosized particles as compared to the immersion method, but dispersed degree was reduced. Although the incorporation of nanosized palladium particles could not substantially induce significant structural changes of the matrix, the apparent red-shifted optical absorptions for the nanocomposites were observed as compared to the parent monolithic silica, particularly with increase in palladium loading and calcination temperature. 相似文献
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双周期圆截面纤维复合材料平面问题的解析法 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
结合双准周期Riemann边值问题理论与Eshelby等效夹杂原理,为双周期圆截面纤维复合材
料平面问题发展了一个实用有效的解析方法,获得了问题的全场级数解并与有限元结果进行
了比较. 该方法为非均匀材料的力学性质分析和复合材料等新材料的微结构设计提供了
一个有效的计算工具,也可用来评估有限元等数值与近似方法的精度. 相似文献